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“Corruption worsens social injustice and disproportionately affects the most vulnerable. In many countries, obstacles to justice for victims of corruption persist. It is time to break the barriers and ensure people can access justice effectively. Everyone deserves fair and inclusive legal systems where victims’ voices are heard at every stage. Anything else is an affront to justice.” Daniel Eriksson CEO of Transparency International

After the launch in December/2023 of Google Gemini 1.0 - a family of Artificial Intelligence models, like OpenAI's GPT competitor, now it is the turn of the Gemini Nano application, launched on the 8th, in the United States. GEMINI | ULTRA 1.0 AND THE NEW MOBILE APPLICATION Gemini 1.0 is multimodal in all its versions, as it has the ability to recognize and understand texts, images, audio, codes and much more at the same time, which enables it to answer questions with a greater degree of complexity, compared to others competitors who limit themselves to understanding and generating texts. Gemini will include a suite of three different versions: Gemini Ultra , its largest and most capable category; Gemini Pro , capable of performing a wide range of tasks; and Gemini Nano , which it will use for specific tasks and mobile devices. Gemini Advanced  (the paid service that gives you access to Gemini Ultra) is available in English in over 150 countries, including the UK and EU (but not yet available for France ). However, it is worth noting that Google initially granted access in 2023 to Gemini Ultra  for customers, developers, partners and security experts. This year it has already started broad access permissions for developers and corporate customers. Google hopes that developers and businesses can create their own use cases and will tweak Gemini Pro even more in the coming weeks and months, as it receives comments from authorized users, it intends to make improvements to make it even more attractive and functional for users. Google demonstrates that it has great determination and willingness to innovate with significant investments and developments in Artificial Intelligence. As for the Gemini Nano , it will be accompanied by the Pixel 8 Pro , the first smartphone designed to run the Gemini Nano! Sources: GOOGLE BLOG. It's time for developers and enterprises to build with Gemini Pro. Available at: Accessed on: 15.feb.2024. GOOGLE BLOG. Introducing Gemini: our largest and most capable AI model. Available at: < https://blog.google/technology/ai/google-gemini-ai/#sundar-note > Accessed at: 15 .feb.2024. ELIAS, Jennifer. CNBC. Google launches its largest and 'most capable' AI model, Gemini. Available at: < https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/06/google-launches-its-largest-and-most-capable-ai-model-gemini.html > Accessed on: 11.Feb.2024 . GUINESS, Harry. What is Google Gemini? Available at: < https://zapier.com/blog/google-gemini/ >  Accessed on: 12.Feb.2024 HEAVEN, Will Douglas. MIT Technology Review. Google's Gemini is now in everything. Here's how you can try it out. Available at: < https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/02/08/1087911/googles-gemini-is-now-in-everything-heres-how-you-can-try-it-out/ > Access on: 10.Feb.2024.

Video source: feedzai.com Information provided by Feedzai: "Feedzai is the world’s first RiskOps platform for financial risk management, and market leader in safeguarding global commerce with today’s most advanced cloud-based risk management platform, powered by machine learning and artificial intelligence. Feedzai is securing the transition to a cashless world while enabling digital trust in every transaction and payment type. The world’s largest banks, processors, and retailers trust Feedzai to protect trillions of dollars and manage risk while improving the customer experience for everyday users, without compromising privacy. Feedzai is a Series D company and has raised $282M to date. With a valuation of +$1.5B, our technology protects 900 million people in 190 countries."

Theoretical physicist Michio Kaku, professor at New York University and co-founder of "String Theory", explained in an exercise in future research during the already distant lecture at the Campus Party on February 11, 2012, that in 30 years (until 2042, therefore) both computers and the Internet will be like electricity is today. “Both will be present in ceilings, basements, walls and appliances,” he said. The New York University professor went further and said that the Internet is in people's glasses and contact lenses. “You can see all of a person’s biographical information just by looking at them. “Finding your soulmate will be an easy task,” he joked. Another revolution is underway in the field of medicine. Kaku explained that technology will help people achieve perfect health in the near future. According to him, the cancer will disappear. “Write this down: the word tumor will no longer exist in our language.” According to the physicist, the pills will have chips and micro-cameras that scan the human body from the inside. Once the threat is localized, nanorobots will be used to fight cancer cell by cell, without the need for surgery or direct intervention from doctors. Kaku also added that cancer and other diseases could be diagnosed years in advance thanks to health monitoring toilets. “The bathrooms will be equipped with artificial intelligence capable of analyzing body excretions and detecting the onset of illness at an early stage. “In this future, Steve Jobs would not have died,” he emphasized. Recently, in 2020, Dr. Michio Kako gave a talk in which he highlighted new predictions that we will see in the next post. Source: MSN Technology

Astronomy is often described as the oldest science, given the fascination that the universe has always exerted on people of all ages and cultures. Astronomy rrently uses sophisticated technology and is considered one of the most modern and dynamic sciences. One of the organizations that greatly contributes to the advancement of Astronomy is ESO, European Southern Observatory, a prominent intergovernmental science and technology organization in astronomy. Ahelps scientists from all over the world discover the secrets of the Universe, which consequently benefits the entire society. Founded in 1962, headquartered in Garching, Germany ESO develops an ambitious program focused on design, construction and operation of powerful observatories and promotes and organizes cooperations in astronomical research. On its website, ESO informs that it has more than 750 employees from around 30 countries and countless collaborators from all over the world. There are more than 22,000 users from around 130 different countries, who have access to services, technology and data. ESO operates three observatories in the Atacama Desert in Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. LA SILLA OBSERVATORY O La Silla,_first ESO observatory to come into operation in the late 1960s, it is located on the La Silla mountain, at an altitude of 2350 m, 600 km north of Santiago de Chile. It is equipped with several optical telescopes. The mirrors have a diameter of up to 3.6 meters. ESO's main optical instruments in La Silla are a 3.6 m reflector, opened in 1976; the 3.5 m New Technology Telescope (NTT), opened in 1989; a 2.2 m reflector jointly owned by the Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, opened in 1984. 2009 and is now operated by Yale University.  Instruments at La Silla owned by individual nations include a 1.54 m Danish reflector opened in 1979 and the 1.2 m Leonhard Euler telescope owned by the Geneva Observatory, opened in 2000 . Credit: ESO. Directed by: Nico Bartmann.Editing: Nico Bartmann.Web and technical support: Mathias André and Raquel Yumi Shida.Written by: Laura Hiscott and Calum Turner.Music: John Stanford — The Edge (johnstanfordmusic.com).Footage and photos: ESO, G. Hüdepohl (atacamaphoto.com), L. Calçada, J. Pérez, Liam Young/Unknown Fields.Scientific consultant: Paola Amico and Mariya Lyubenova.Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen. CERRO PARANAL OBSERVATORY The ESO observatory in Cerro Paranal is situated on a mountain in the northern part of the Atacama Desert in Chile . VLT-Very Large Telescope, one of the most advanced systems in the world, consisting of four Main Telescopes with main mirrors measuring 8.2 m in diameter and four mobile Auxiliary Telescopes measuring 1.8 m in diameter. This is the trailer for the Very Large Telescope (VLT), located in Paranal, Chile. Credit: ESO Footage and photos: ESO, C. Malin (christophmalin.com) , Liam Young, B. Tafreshi (twanight.org), G. Hüdepohl (atacamaphoto.com), F. Kamphues, G. Lombardi (glphoto.it), S. Gillessen, F. Char, H. Zodet and Y. Beletsky (LCO). Music by Movetwo. THE ESO CERRO PARANAL HOTEL Under the summit, at a At a height of around 2,400 meters, you will find the Hotel ESO no Cerro Paranal. It has housed the Paranal Observatory in Chile since 2002. It is mainly used for scientists and ESO engineers who work there in a scale system, which houses them in stays. The ESO Hotel at Cerro Paranal has been called a "guesthouse on Mars", because the desert surroundings are similar to Mars and an "Oasis for astronomers" . It is not a commercial hotel, and the public cannot reserve rooms. For the relatively short time of your stays under weather conditions extremes – intense sun, extreme dryness, high wind speeds, large temperature fluctuations and the danger of earthquakes – the hotel was built in  place far from the civilization where they can relax and rest between strenuous work phases. The exterior of the hotel was featured in the 2008 film 007, Quantum of Solace, in which the structure was portrayed as a fictional eco-hotel in Bolivia. A miniature of the hotel was built by the visual effects team for the scenes in which the hotel, in the film, is destroyed by fire. ESO Paranal and the ESO Cerro Paranal Hotel were the film set for 007, "Quantum of Scolace" Credit: ESO Visual design and editing: Martin Kornmesser and Luis Calçada. Cinematography: Peter Rixner. Editing: Herbert Zodet. Web and technical support: Lars Holm Nielsen and Raquel Yumi Shida. Written by: Henri Boffin, Lee Pullen and Lars Lindberg Christensen. Host: Dr. J. Narration: Lee Pullen. Music: Paulo Raimundo; lcg//moulinex. Footage and photos: Sony Pictures, EON Productions Ltd., QUANTUM OF SOLACE / © 2008 Danjaq, United Artists, CPII., 007 TM and related James Bond Trademarks, TM Danjaq & ESO. Directed by: Lars Lindberg Christensen. CHAJNANTOR OBSERVATORY The Chajnantor Observatory is operated by Caltech - California Institute of Technology in collaboration with the University of Chile and the University of Concepción and is located at an altitude of 5080 meters (16700 feet) in the Andes Mountains in northern Chile. The high, dry Chajnantor plateau is one of the best places in the world for millimeter and submillimeter astronomy. The first observatory instrument, the Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) is housed in a retractable dome that provides some protection from rain, snow and wind. On most days, the wind in Chajnantor peaks in the late afternoon at around 15 m/s (30 mph). Under these conditions, cold is a serious problem, but the dome provides a sheltered workspace where it is possible to repair and maintain the CBI. The dome is a hemispherical steel structure covered with polyester fabric, housed in a wall 2 m high and 10.5 m in diameter. The CBI and its dome require concrete support plates, but this is the only construction work on the site. All other installations are in ISO standard shipping containers placed directly on the ground. This modest approach to site infrastructure reduces costs, reduces maintenance burden and has a very low impact on the environment. Observatory facilities include a control room, laboratory, mechanical workshop, power plant, two workrooms/bedrooms and a bathroom – all inside the shipping containers. To counteract the effects of high altitude, the air in working and living areas is enriched with oxygen (using molecular sieves to separate oxygen from air), and people who work outside can use portable oxygen tanks with demand regulators when needed to improve efficiency and safety. The power plant and fuel tanks are located about 100 m east of the CBI; Average power consumption for the site is around 100 kW and the plant has a pair of diesel generators rated for 150 kW at 5000 m. The base facilities are located at Residencia Don Esteban, in the historic oasis town of San Pedro de Atacama, at an altitude of 2500 m. These include bedrooms, kitchen, conference room and computer room. The observatory is partially supported by SAINT, Strategic Alliance for the Implementation of New Technologies, a consortium formed by twelve institutions: the California Institute of Technology This consortium was formed for studies and research into fundamental problems in physics which can be resolved by observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation and research into a variety of new astrophysical planes. Below see the trailer for ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. A state-of-the-art telescope that studies light with wavelengths of around one millimeter, emitted by some of the coldest objects in the Universe, ALMA is a cooperation of the European Observatory do Sul (ESO), together with its international partners. The ALMA site is the Chajnantor plateau, 5000 m above sea level, in northern Chile, one of the driest places on Earth. Credit: ESO ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), C. Malin (christophmalin.com), P. Horálek, Liam Young, B. Tafreshi (twanight.org), J. J. Tobin (University of Oklahoma/Leiden University), M. Kaufman, Theofanis N. Matsopoulos, H. H. Heyer, S Argandoña and H. Zodet. Music by Movetwo. ESO undoubtedly has a sophisticated technological structure and, with its 61 years of existence, a natural curiosity would be to know some of its main scientific results, which will be seen below. TEN SPACE DISCOVERIES FROM THE ESO OBSERVATORY, BY ELIZABETH HOWELL, SPACE.COM 1.OBSERVING THE COSMOS Since the first telescope began operating in 1966, ESO has brought about many changes in the way we perceive the Universe. Astronomers observed the acceleration of the Universe as it expanded and learned more about what the young Universe looked like. ESO telescopes have also taken photographs of distant planets and helped measure the weight of gigantic stars. 2. FIRST ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS OF PLUTO AND CHARON (1986) By observing the light curve of Pluto and its moon Charon during eclipses with ESO La Silla telescopes, astronomers were able to reduce the size of both objects. Pluto, then considered a planet, has a diameter of approximately 1367 miles (2200 kilometers). Its largest moon, Charon, has been measured at about 721 miles (1160 kilometers). 3.PIONEERING IN ADAPTIVE OPTICS (1989) ESO was one of the first observatories to test "adaptive optics", a technique used to make corrections for turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere. A telescopic mirror, connected to a computer, automatically adjusts as the atmosphere flexes. This allows light to reach the telescope with greater precision – meaning we can see further into space. Adaptive optics is a standard technique used today. 4.EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE ACCELERATING (1998) By studying the brightness of stellar explosions, researchers have discovered that the universe is not just expanding, but accelerating as it grows. Telescopes at ESO and other observatories, including the Hubble Space Telescope, have determined this through measurements of Type Ia supernovae. The main discoverers were awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. 5.CONFIRMING THE UNIVERSE'S HOT PAST (2000) Researchers were able to obtain the temperature of the Big Bang echo – cosmic microwave background radiation – from when the universe was just 2.5 billion years old. An ESO telescope has taken spectrum measurements of a quasar, which is a bright, distant galaxy powered by a huge black hole. The quasar's glow showed that the universe was hotter than it is now. 6.THE BLUEEST YEARS IN THE UNIVERSE (2003) From observations with ESO's Very Large Telescope, astronomers discovered the color of the young universe, 2.5 billion years old, was much bluer than it is today because it was full of young, blue stars. Because blue stars emit more light than ancient stars — and the universe has as much light now as in the past — the findings suggest that there were fewer stars in the early years of the universe. 7. CONNECTING GAMMA RAYS WITH SUPERNOVAS (2003) After a gamma-ray burst shone in the constellation Leo on March 29, 2003, Australian and Japanese telescopes detected a bright light source in the same location within 90 minutes. ESO telescopes then captured the first spectrum of the object. They discovered that this large supernova or "hypernova" was 2.65 billion light years away, and were able to link it to the gamma-ray burst. 8.THE GREATEST STAR OF ALL TIME (2010) The biggest star ever, R136a1 is 165,000 light-years away from Earth and more than twice the size scientists thought stars could get. This magnificent discovery was made possible using ESO's Very Large Telescope and confirmed with archival data from the Hubble Space Telescope. 9. FIRST DIRECT SPECTRUM OF AN EXOPLANET (2010) Scientists used ESO's Very Large Telescope to detect the chemical composition of a planet about 130 light-years from Earth. This planet is about 10 times the size of Jupiter, with a surface temperature of 1472 degrees Fahrenheit (800 degrees Celsius). This was the first time the spectrum was observed from direct observations of a planet. 10.EARTH-SIZED PLANET FOUND IN NEXT STAR SYSTEM (2012) A planet with approximately the same mass as Earth has been discovered near Alpha Centauri B, which is part of a three-star system just 4.3 light-years from Earth. An ESO telescope at La Silla detected the planet by measuring the star's wobbles. The planet is causing Alpha Centauri B to move back and forth at 1.1 miles (1.8 kilometers) per hour, the same speed as a crawling baby. THE INNOVATIVE ELT The Extremely Large Telescope (ELT)  from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) is a revolutionary ground-based telescope that will have a 39-meter main mirror and will be the world's largest telescope for visible and infrared light: the world's largest eye on the sky. Construction of this technically complex project, which began 9 years ago, is progressing at a good pace, with the ELT now surpassing the 50% completion mark. The telescope is located at the top of Cerro Armazones, in the desert of Atacama, Chile, where engineers and construction workers are currently assembling the telescope's dome structure at an impressive pace. Visibly changing every day, the steel structure will soon acquire the familiar round shape typical of telescope domes. As per the words of ESO Director General, Xavier Barcons, "The ELT is the largest of the next generation of optical and near-infrared telescopes based on land and what is most advanced in its construction. Reaching 50% completion is no small feat given the challenges inherent in large, complex projects, and it was only possible thanks to the commitment of everyone at ESO, the continued support of ESO Member States, and the involvement of our partners in industry and instrument consortia. I am extremely proud that ELT has reached this milestone." ESO ELT Video Credit: ESO. Directed by: Martin Wallner Editing: Martin Wallner Web and technical support: Gurvan Bazin and Raquel Yumi Shida Written by: Martin Wallner Consultants: Bárbara Ferreira, Michele Cirasuolo Music: Jon Kennedy – You, You and You Footage and photos: ESO, G. Hüdepohl (atacamaphoto .com), L. Calcada, M. Kornmesser, A. Tsaouis, M. Wallner, H. Zodet, SCHOTT, APICAL Acknowledgments: R. Parra, G. Vecchia, CIMOLAI, SCHOTT ESO Observatory: Science and Technology in Astronomy Sources: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. Chajnantor Observatory. Available in Access at 25 dez.2023. CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. Chajnantor Observatory: Strategic Alliance for the Implementation of New Technologies (SAINT). Available in Access at 25 dez.2023. EUROPEAN SUTHERN OBSERVATORY. Observatories La Silla, Chajnantor and Paranal. Available in  Access at 25 dez.2023 HOWELL, Elizabeth. 10 Space Discoveries by the European Southern Observatory. Available in Access at 26 dez.2023. JORNAL FOLHA DE S. PAULO – 19 set.2010 – página A22 OXFORD REFERENCE. La Silla Observatory. Available in Access at 26 dez.2023. WIKIPÉDIA. ESO Hotel. Available in Access at 26 dez.2023.

130 LIVE CAMERAS, FROM DIFFERENT PLACES AROUND THE WORLD CHRISTMAS MUSIC IN THIS VIDEO We wish You a Merry Christmas Ⓒ CC BY 4.0, Twin Musicom (twinmusicom.org), Auld Lang Syne (Instrumental) 12 Days of Christmas (Instrumental) Carol Of The Bells CC BY 4.0, Audionautix (audionautix.com) Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring CC BY 4.0, Kevin MacLeod Canon and Variation Twin Musicom (twinmusicom.org) Angels We Have Heard 4.0, Kevin MacLeod, O Come All Ye Faithful (Instrumental) Saw Three Ships Audionautix (audionautix.com) It Came Upon a Midnight Clear CC BY 4.0, Kevin MacLeod O Christmas Tree (Instrumental) Deck the Halls (Instrumental) Jingle Bells (Instrumental) Hark the Herald Angels Sing (Instrumental) Silent Night (Instrumental) First Noel (Instrumental) We Wish You a Merry Christmas (Instrumental) Silent Night (Jazz) Oh Little Town of Bethlehem (Instrumental) Deck the Halls (Instrumental Jazz) Up on the Housetop (Instrumental) Jolly Old St Nicholas (Instrumental) Joy to the World (Instrumental Jazz) We Wish You a Merry Christmas (Instrumental Jazz) 1:01:34 I Jingle Bells (Instrumental Jazz) Ⓒ Free to use

The hot water that falls from the shower does not need to reach 100ºC to transform into a gaseous state. If water only turned to vapor at 100ºC, there would never be rain, as water from rivers, lakes and seas would never evaporate. The secret is that, in addition to boiling, which requires reaching 100º Celsius, at sea level, for water to change from a liquid to a gaseous state, there are two other ways. The first is heating, a change from liquid to vapor that can even occur immediately, with the water being at room temperature, depending on specific conditions. It occurs when you throw water on a hot plate, for example. The second is evaporation. To evaporate, water needs to be just a little warmer than the air. This is where the evaporation of water from rivers, seas and lakes comes in, which occurs on the surface, as water molecules gain enough energy to transform into vapor, at room temperature, depending on atmospheric pressure and other factors. The hot water that falls from the shower also undergoes evaporation: The electric shower or heater can generate this difference in temperature to make the water turn into steam. Droplets that fall at a temperature at least 20ºC higher than the ambient temperature have a good chance of evaporating. Just to give you an example, in a very hot bath, with an average temperature of around 45ºC, around 10% of the water is lost in the form of steam. In a common electric shower, this means that around 1.5 liters pass into a gaseous state during a quick shower lasting just five minutes. Steam is formed by water molecules that have managed to transform into a gaseous state. What defines the state of water — solid, liquid or gaseous — is the agitation of its molecules. The more you stir, the higher the temperature of the liquid. In the water that flows from the shower at an average of 40ºC, for example, there are some droplets with molecules in agitation equivalent to 50ºC. For them, it is easier to break away from the water column and become vapor. In that same bath at 40ºC, there are droplets in which the molecules have a temperature of 30ºC. As its molecules are less agitated, they have less energy and cannot pass into the gaseous state. They remain in a liquid state and guarantee our bath. Source: Text adapted from an article in Revista Superinteressante, produced by Fernando Tió Neto and updated on July 4, 2018.

“Humor is the brother of poetry, humor is the denouncer. I don't have the ability to fix anything, but I have the obligation to report everything, because that is the comedian's first obligation. Humor is everything, even funny.” Chico Anysio (1931 - 2012) Below, a "small" exhibition of 25 of the 209 characters that brought to life the refined humor of Brazilian comedian Chico Anysio.

“I know that it is difficult to let go of your own preferences; but it is precisely in this that the nobility of the scientist consists.” Norberto Bobbio (1909 - 2004)

"A statesman thinks about the next generations, a populist thinks about the next elections". James Freeman Clark (1810-1888)